Hibernate Many-To-Many Mapping Using Java Annotations Tutorial with Examples

Many To Many Relationship

A Many To Many relationship in Java is where the source object has an attribute that stores a collection of target objects and (if) those target objects had the inverse relationship back to the source object it would also be a ManyToMany relationship.

All ManyToMany relationships require a JoinTable. The JoinTable is defined using the @JoinTable annotation and XML element. The JoinTable defines a foreign key to the source object’s primary key (joinColumns), and a foreign key to the target object’s primary key (inverseJoinColumns). Normally the primary key of the JoinTable is the combination of both foreign keys.

Creating Database

Before we start lets create a simple database and table to apply hibernate operations on. Copy and Paste the following sql query in your query editor and execute.

CREATE table STUDENT (student_id int identity NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
rollno varchar(20),
firstname varchar(50),
lastname varchar(50),
course varchar(50))

CREATE TABLE STUDENT_MARKS_DETAILS (student_id int NOT NULL  FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES STUDENT (student_id),
test_id int NOT NULL identity PRIMARY KEY, 
subject varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, 
max_marks varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, 
marks_obtained varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
result varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL 
)

CREATE TABLE STUDENT_TEST (   
student_id int NOT NULL FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES STUDENT (student_id),  
test_id int NOT NULL FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES STUDENT_MARKS_DETAILS (test_id),
PRIMARY KEY (student_id,test_id),   
) 

NOTE : Above script is written for SQL Server, you can change accordingly for different DB.

Adding Hibernate Jars

Download latest Hibernate jars from here http://hibernate.org/ and add to your classpath. Create Model Classes As a next step let’s create the model classes Student.java and StudentMarksDetails.java using Annotations. The contents of the model classes are as below

Student.java

package com.tutorialsdesk.hibernate.bean;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column; 
import javax.persistence.Entity; 
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; 
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id; 
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;    
import javax.persistence.UniqueConstraint;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
@Entity 
@Table(name="STUDENT",uniqueConstraints = { @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = "student_id") }) 

public class Student implements Serializable {

 private static final long serialVersionUID = 5502738307095121008L;

 @Id   
 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
 @Column(name = "student_id")  
 private int id;
 
 @Column(name="rollno")   
 private String rollno;
 
 @Column(name="firstname")   
 private String firstname;
 
 @Column(name="lastname")     
 private String lastname;
 
 @Column(name="course")   
 private String course;
    
  // @OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)  
 //@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn 
 //private StudentAddress address;
    
 @ManyToMany(cascade = { CascadeType.ALL })   
 @JoinTable(name = "STUDENT_TEST", joinColumns = {
   @JoinColumn(name = "STUDENT_ID") },
   inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "TEST_ID") })   
 private Set<StudentMarksDetails> studentMarksDetails = new HashSet<StudentMarksDetails>();   

    
    public Student(){
     
    }
    
 public Student(String rollno, String firstname, String lastname,
   String course) {
  super();
  this.rollno = rollno;
  this.firstname = firstname;
  this.lastname = lastname;
  this.course = course;
  //this.address = address;
 }
 @Override  
 public boolean equals(Object emp) {   
   if (emp instanceof Student) {   
    Student student = (Student) emp;   
   
    if (this.firstname.equals(student.getFirstname())   
      && this.lastname.equals(student.getLastname())   
      && this.rollno.equals(student.getRollno())   
      && this.course.equals(student.getCourse()))   
     return true;   
   }   
   
   return false;   
  }   

 @Override  
 public int hashCode() {   
  
 return this.firstname.hashCode() + this.lastname.hashCode()   
  + this.rollno.hashCode() + this.course.hashCode();   
  }   


 public int getId() {
  return id;
 }

 public void setId(int id) {
  this.id = id;
 }

 public String getRollno() {
  return rollno;
 }

 public void setRollno(String rollno) {
  this.rollno = rollno;
 }

 public String getFirstname() {
  return firstname;
 }

 public void setFirstname(String firstname) {
  this.firstname = firstname;
 }

 public String getLastname() {
  return lastname;
 }

 public void setLastname(String lastname) {
  this.lastname = lastname;
 }

 public String getCourse() {
  return course;
 }

 public void setCourse(String course) {
  this.course = course;
 }

 /*public StudentAddress getAddress() {
  return address;
 }

 public void setAddress(StudentAddress address) {
  this.address = address;
 }
*/
 public Set<StudentMarksDetails> getMarksDetails() {
  return studentMarksDetails;
 }

 public void setMarksDetails(Set<StudentMarksDetails> marksDetails) {
  this.studentMarksDetails = marksDetails;
 }


 
}

StudentMarksDetails.java

package com.tutorialsdesk.hibernate.bean;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "STUDENT_MARKS_DETAILS")
public class StudentMarksDetails {

 @Id
 @GeneratedValue
 @Column(name = "test_id")
 private long testId;

 @Column(name = "subject")
 private String subject;

 @Column(name = "max_marks")
 private String maxMarks;

 @Column(name = "marks_obtained")
 private String marksObtained;

 @Column(name = "result")
 private String result;
 
 @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "studentMarksDetails")   
private Set<Student> student = new HashSet<Student>();  
 
 
 public StudentMarksDetails() {
 }

 public StudentMarksDetails(String subject, String maxMarks, String marksObtained,
   String result) {
  this.subject = subject;
  this.maxMarks = maxMarks;
  this.marksObtained = marksObtained;
  this.result = result;
 }

 public long getTestId() {
  return testId;
 }

 public void setTestId(long testId) {
  this.testId = testId;
 }

 public String getSubject() {
  return subject;
 }

 public void setSubject(String subject) {
  this.subject = subject;
 }

 public String getMaxMarks() {
  return maxMarks;
 }

 public void setMaxMarks(String maxMarks) {
  this.maxMarks = maxMarks;
 }

 public String getMarksObtained() {
  return marksObtained;
 }

 public void setMarksObtained(String marksObtained) {
  this.marksObtained = marksObtained;
 }

 public String getResult() {
  return result;
 }

 public void setResult(String result) {
  this.result = result;
 }

 public Set<Student> getStudent() {   
  return student;   
}   

 public void setStudent(Set<Student> student) {   
  this.student = student;   
 }   


}

Adding Hibernate Configuration file

The hibernate.cfg.xml is as follows:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
  "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
  "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">password</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://localhost:1433/SBMUATDB</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">username</property>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</property>
     <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>  
  <property name="format_sql">true</property>  
        <mapping class="com.tutorialsdesk.hibernate.bean.Student"/>
        <mapping class="com.tutorialsdesk.hibernate.bean.StudentMarksDetails"/>
       <!--  <mapping class="com.tutorialsdesk.hibernate.bean.StudentAddress"/>  -->
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

In the above file we have set the database connection to SQL Server database . The show_sql option, if set to true will display all the executed SQL queries on the console. The property hbm2ddl.auto , if set to create, creates the schema, destroying the previous data.

Note : In case you want to use any other database then, you need to change these properties – “dialect”, “connection.driver_class”, “connection.url”, “connection.username”, and “connection.password”.

Also we have added the Annotation based entity classes Student.java and StudentMarksDetails.java to the above file.

Create Utility class

Next, we will write a utility class to take care of Hibernate start up and retrieve the session easily. We will write the file HibernateUtil.java as below:

package com.tutorialsdesk.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration; 

 
public class HibernateUtil {
 
 private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();

  private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {
   try {
    return new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); 
   } catch (Throwable ex) {
    System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
    throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
   }
  }

  public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
   return sessionFactory;
  }

  public static void shutdown() {
   getSessionFactory().close();
  }


}

Main AnnotationTest class

This class tests the Many-to-Many relationship by creating and listing the student details and corresponding addresses as below:

package com.tutorialsdesk.hibernate;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.hibernate.*;

import com.tutorialsdesk.hibernate.bean.Student;
import com.tutorialsdesk.hibernate.bean.StudentMarksDetails;

public class AnnotationTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 SessionFactory sf = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
   Session session = sf.openSession();

   session.beginTransaction();

   Student student1 = new Student("2013HZ58073","Amit","Sharma","B.Tech");
   Student student2 = new Student("2013HZ58075", "Sweta", "Nagpal","MCA");

   StudentMarksDetails test1 = new StudentMarksDetails("Maths", "100", "87", "Passed");
   StudentMarksDetails test2 = new StudentMarksDetails("Science", "100", "90", "Passed");

   student1.getMarksDetails().add(test1);
   student1.getMarksDetails().add(test2);
   student2.getMarksDetails().add(test1);
   student2.getMarksDetails().add(test2);

   session.save(student1);
   session.save(student2);

   session.getTransaction().commit();
   session.close();

 
}
}

Hope we are able to explain you Hibernate Many-To-Many Mapping Using Java Annotations, if you have any questions or suggestions please write to us using contact us form.(Second Menu from top left).

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Source:http://www.tutorialsdesk.com/2014/11/hibernate-many-to-many-mapping-using.html