I had work previously on Struts 1 but never touched Struts 2, specially
since Spring MVC was there to take the leading role. Recently one of my friend
ask me to help with Struts2, which leads me to look on Struts2 framework from
start. First thing I wanted to find out differences between Struts 1 and Struts
2 framework, because in my experience, if you have worked in previous version
looking differences between two versions of Struts can quickly help to find,
what changes and What are the new features, concepts and improvement is offered
by Struts 2. Also difference between
Struts 1 and Struts 2 is a good candidate to include in my list of Struts interview question
for quick revision. To my surprise, Struts 2 seems to be completely different
than Struts 1 framework, because some of the most familiar stuff like ActionForm, struts-config.xml,
and Action classes are changed in Struts 2 framework. Struts 2 has also done good
job on removing direct dependency of Action classes on Servlet API e.g. HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse, which
makes testing easy by using Dependency Injection concept. In
this article, we will some important differences between Struts 1 and Struts 2
framework.
Struts 1 vs Struts 2 - Differences
Here is my list of some common difference between Struts 1 and Struts 2framework. This list contains some observations, which can also help you to
gauge some major changes in struts 2 from struts 1.
1) First major difference between Jakarta Struts 1 and Struts 2 framework is in Action class
itself. In Struts 1 it's mandatory to extend org.apache.struts.action.Action and implement execute() method
which returns ActionForward and accept HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse. This is not
the case with Struts 2, here Action class can be a simple POJO or Java object
with execute() method. Also execute() method returns String rather than returning ActionForward object.
You can still use ActionSupport class or Action interface but those are
completely optional.
2) Second main difference between Struts 1 and Struts 2 is on
configuration files, earlier we used to configure Struts using struts-config.xml, but with
Struts 2 you can use multiple configuration file, most commonly used as struts.xml. What is
more important is declaration of Struts 2 Filter in web.xml e.g.
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
Also, if you notice, instead of mapping this to *.do or *.action we have
mapped it with *, which means all url pattern will be flown to
struts2 filter.
3) One more difference I noticed between Struts 1 and Struts 2 is on
Front end Controller. In Struts 1, ActionServlet is
considered as FrontController while in Struts 2 its Filter, which can
be considered as front end controller.
4) Another useful enhancement in Struts2 is Interceptor API, which allows
to do lot of stuff much easily e.g. file upload using Struts2's builtin FileUploadInterceptor class.
5) One more difference between Struts 1 and Struts 2 which I like is
removing dependency of Action classes to Servlet API in form of HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse classes
required in execute() method. Struts 2 don't have such
dependency and its execute() method doesn't required Servlet API.
There are lot more difference in Struts 1 and Struts 2 and I suggest
going thorough Struts 2 documentation as you learn Struts 2. To me, Struts 2
looks completely different than Struts 1. Since I am using Spring MVC more
frequently, I still need to explore Struts 2 more closely. I will keep this
list of differences between Struts 1 and Struts 2 updated as and when I found
some more differences.
Other J2EE tutorials from Javarevisited Blog
How to control concurrent active user
sessions in Java web application using Spring Security
Source:http://javarevisited.blogspot.com/2013/03/difference-between-struts-1-and-struts-2-mvc-framework-jakarta.html
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